Module 1: Science as a Valid Way of Understanding the Natural World introduces foundational concepts that help students understand how science works and why it is a trustworthy way to explain natural phenomena. Specifically, we cover the Nature of Science, the peer review process, the distinction between positive and normative claims, the influence of media and motivated reasoning, and how to identify scientific explanations using the Claims-Evidence-Reasoning (CER) model.

​

Because many topics in ARSC 104 are perceived to conflict with religion, we also explore how science and religion represent different ways of knowing and, therefore, need not be in opposition. By examining the historical relationship between science and religion—and highlighting prominent scientists in cosmology and biology who were also religious—we aim to strengthen students’ trust in both scientists and the scientific process.